[full article and abstract in English]
This paper offers a description of the linear structure of the definite Lithuanian noun phrase (NP) with an emphasis on prenominal attributes. Morphological and syntactical coding of definiteness is examined through the comparison of NP structures in Lithuanian (a language with relatively ungrammaticalised marking of definiteness) and Swedish (a language with fully developed overt marking of definiteness). The special role of definite attributes, quantifiers and adjectival modifiers is shown through identifying key positions in a linear structure of the Lithuanian NP. A topology of the Lithuanian NP is then suggested reflecting the multi-layered nature of the reference-assigning process mirrored in multi-exponential marking of definiteness, with adjectival marking being a very important one. Variations in NP structures are described using Lithuanian and Swedish data focusing on the combinatorial possibilities of definite adjectival modifiers and other determiners.
Ambrazas, Vytautas, ed. 2006. Dabartinės lietuvių kalbos gramatika. [A Grammar of Modern Lithuanian]. Ketvirtoji pataisyta laida. Vilnius: Mokslo ir enciklopedijų leidybos institutas.
Börjars, Kersti. 1994. Swedish double determination in a European typological perspective. Nordic Journal of Linguistics 17, 219–252. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0332586500003024
Croft, William. 2004. Typology and Universals. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Dahl, Östen. 2004. Definite articles in Scandinavian: Competing grammaticalization processes in standard and non-Standard varieties. Dialectology Meets Typology: Dialect Grammar from a Cross-Linguistic Perspective. Bernd Kortmann, ed. Berlin, New York: Mouton de Gruyter. 148–180.
Delsing, Lars-Olof. 1993. The Internal Structure of Noun Phrases in the Scandinavian Languages – A Comparative Study. Doctoral Dissertation. Lund: University of Lund.
Diessel, Holger. 1999. Demonstratives: Form, Function, and Grammaticalization. Amsterdam/Philadelphia: John Benjamins Publishing Company. https://doi.org/10.1075/tsl.42
Ekerot, Lars-Johan. 2011. Ordföljd, tempus, bestämdhet. Malmö: Gleerups.
Hansen, Erik & Lars Heltoft. 2010. Grammatik over det Danske Sprog. [Grammar of the Danish Language]. Århus: Syddansk Universitetsforlag.
Haspelmath, Martin. 1999. Explaining article-possessor complementarity: economic motivation in noun phrase syntax. Language 75.2, 227–243. https://doi.org/10.2307/417260
Haspelmath, Martin. 2001. Word classes and parts of speech. International Encyclopedia of the Social & Behavioral Sciences. 16538–16545. https://doi.org/10.1016/B0-08-043076-7/02959-4
Haspelmath, Martin. 2010. Comparative concepts and descriptive categories in crosslinguistic studies. Language 86.3, 663–687. https://doi.org/10.1353/lan.2010.0021
Hawkins, John A. 1978. Definiteness and Indefiniteness: A Study in Reference and Grammaticality Prediction. London: Croom Helm.
Heltoft,Lars. 2010. Paradigmatic structure and reanalysis: from NPs to DPs in Scandinavian. Acta Linguistica Hafniensia, Vol. 42, No 1, 11–25. https://doi.org/10.1080/03740463.2010.486912
Holvoet, Axel & Rolandas Mikulskas, eds. 2006. Daiktavardinio junginio tyrimai. [Studies of the Noun Phrase]. Vilnius: Lietuvių kalbos institutas.
Holvoet, Axel & Aurelija Tamulionienė. 2006. Apibrėžtumo kategorija. [The Category of Definiteness in Lithuanian]. Daiktavardinio junginio tyrimai. [Studies of the Noun Phrase]. Vilnius: Lietuvių kalbos institutas. 11–32.
Holvoet, Axel. 2009. Bendrosios sintaksės pagrindai. [Foundations of General Syntax]. Vilnius: Vilniaus universitetas & Asociacija Academia Salensis.
Holvoet, Axel & Birutė Spraunienė. 2012. Towards a semantic map for definite adjectives in Baltic. Baltic Linguistics 3 (2012), 65–99.
Huddleston, Rodney & Geoffrey K. Pullum, eds. 2002. The Cambrigde Grammar of the English Language. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. https://doi.org/10.1017/9781316423530
Julien, Marit. 2005. Nominal Phrases from a Scandinavian Perspective. Amsterdam: John Benjamins Publishing Company. https://doi.org/10.1075/la.87
Kibort, Anna & Greville G. Corbett. "Number". Grammatical Features. 25 January. 2008. http://www.grammaticalfeatures.net/features/number.html.
Koptjevskaja-Tamm, Maria. 2003. A woman of sin, a man of duty, and a hell of a mess: Non-determiner genitives in Swedish. Noun Phrase Structure in the Languages of Europe. Frans Plank, ed. Berlin, New York: Mouton de Gruyter. 515–558.
Kortmann, Bernd, ed. 2004. Dialectology Meets Typology: Dialect Grammar from a Cross-Linguistic Perspective. Berlin, New York: Mouton de Gruyter.
Langacker, Ronald W. 2008. Cognitive Grammar: A Basic Introduction. Oxford: Oxford University Press. https://doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195331967.001.0001
Lohrmann, Susanne. 2011. A unified structure for Scandinavian DPs. The Noun Phrase in Romance and Germanic: Structure, Variation, and Change. Petra Sleeman & Harry Perridon, eds. Amsterdam: John Benjamins Publishing Company. 111–125. https://doi.org/10.1075/la.171.08loh
Lyons, Christopher. 2003. Definiteness. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Mikulskas, Rolandas, 2006. Apibrėžiamųjų būdvardžių aprašo perspektyva. [A New
Paulauskienė, Aldona. 1994. Lietuvių kalbos morfologija: Paskaitos lituanistams. [Morphology of the Lithuanian Language: Lectures for Students of Lithuanian]. Vilnius: Mokslo ir enciklopedijų leidykla.
Perridon, Harry. 1989. Reference, Definiteness and the Noun Phrase in Swedish. Doctoral Dissertation. Amsterdam: University of Amsterdam.
Plank, Frans, ed. 2003. Noun Phrase Structure in the Languages of Europe. Berlin, New York: Mouton de Gruyter.
Rosinas, Albertas. 1996. Lietuvių bendrinės kalbos įvardžiai. [Pronouns of the Lithuanian Language]. Vilnius: Mokslo ir enciklopedijų leidykla.
Rosinas, Albertas. 2009. Baltų kalbų įvardžių semantinė ir morfologinė struktūra. Sinchronija ir diachronija. [Semantic and Morphologic Structure of the Pronouns of the Baltic Languages]. Vilnius: Mokslo ir enciklopedijų leidybos institutas.
Sleeman, Petra & Harry Perridon, eds. 2011. The Noun Phrase in Romanceand Germanic: Structure, Variation, and Change. John Benjamins Publishing Company. https://doi.org/10.1075/la.171
Spraunienė, Birutė. 2008a. Apibrėžtumo kategorija ir jos tyrimai lietuvių kalbotyroje. [The Category of Defiteness and Studies of it in Lithuanian Linguisctics]. Lietuvių kalba 2, 1–12.
Spraunienė, Birutė. 2008b. Paprastųjų ir įvardžiuotinių būdvardžių opozicija lietuvių kalboje kaip apibrėžtumo sistema. [The Opposition of Non-definite and Definite Adjectivals in Lithuanian as the Definiteness Marking System]. Acta Linguistica Lithuanica LIX (2008), 109–139.
Spraunienė, Birutė. 2011. Apibrėžtumo žymėjimas lietuvių kalboje lyginant su danų ir kitomis artikelinėmis kalbomis.[The Marking of Definiteness in Lithuanian. Against the Background of Danish and Other Article Languages]. Doctoral Dissertation. Vilnius: Vilnius University.
Teleman, Ulf, Staffan Helleberg & Erik Andersson, eds. 1999. Svenska Akademiens grammatik. [The Swedish Academy Grammar]. Stockholm: Svenska akademien, Nordstedts ordbok.
Tumėnas, Stasys. 1988. Artroido (įvardinio artikelio) reiškiniai šiaurinėse lietuvių kalbos tarmėse. [Occurrences of the Arthroid (pronominal article) in the Northern Dialects of Lithuanian]. Kalbotyra 39.1, 90–97.
Vaičiulytė-Semėnienė, Loreta. 2006. Morfosintaksinis posesyvumo žymėjimas: vidinė ir išorinė posesyvumo raiška. [Possession and Its Morphosyntactic Marking: Internal and External Possession]. Daiktavardinio junginio tyrimai. [Studies of the Noun Phrase]. Vilnius: Lietuvių kalbos institutas. 151–178.
Vaitkutė, Ieva. 2017. Apibrėžtumo rodiklių nebuvimo kompensavimas vertimuose iš švedų kalbos į lietuvių. [Compensation of the Absence of the Definiteness Markers in Translations from Swedish into Lithuanian]. Humanitarinių mokslų bakalauro darbas [BA thesis]. Vilnius: Vilniaus universitetas.
Valeckienė, Adelė. 1998. Funkcinė lietuvių kalbos gramatika. [Functional Grammar of the Lithuanian Language]. Vilnius: Mokslo ir enciklopedijų leidybos institutas.
Valeckienė, Adelė. 1957. Dabartinės lietuvių kalbos įvardžiuotinių būdvardžių vartojimas. [The Use of Definite Adjectival Forms in Contemporary Lithuanian]. Literatūra ir kalba 2, 161–328.
van der Auwera, Johan & Evie Coussé. 2016. Such and sådan – the same but different. Nordic Journal of English Studies 15(3), 15–32.
Ulvydas, Kazimieras, ed. 1965. Lietuvių kalbos gramatika. [The Grammar of the Lithuanian Language]. Vilnius: Mintis.
Utka, Antanas. 2009. Dažninis rašytinės lietuvių kalbos žodynas 1 milijono žodžių morfologiškai anotuoto tekstyno pagrindu. [Frequency Dictionary of Written Lithuanian – based on 1m word morphologically annotated corpus]. Kaunas: Vytauto Didžiojo universitetas.