The Economic Archaeology formed in late 20th century and is defined as an essential subdiscipline of the archaeological research. It is a study of the relationships between past populations and their natural and cultural resources, encompassing production, distribution, consumption, and stratification. Economic relations are one fundamental key for understanding the workings and transitions of past societies and for grappling with how and why those societies varied. The aim is to recreate economic strategies and models of communities in natural and cultural environment by analyzing various communities with sophisticated structure through economical and archaeological theories and methods. This article aims to introduce goals and issues of economic archaeology as well as methodological possibilities to exam and enable to understand the histories and consequences of past economic strategies that have been employed. Moreover, this article describes the main formation stages of economic archaeology, considering the issues addressed by scientists during certain periods, and presents risks for this particular study of archaeological research.